Regulatory Genomics and Systems Biology

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Promiscuity as a functional trait: intrinsically disordered regions as central players of interactomes

Because of their pervasiveness in eukaryotic genomes and their unique properties, understanding the role that ID (intrinsically disordered) regions in proteins play in the interactome is essential for gaining a better understanding of the network. Especially critical in determining this role is their ability to bind more than one partner using the same region. Studies have revealed that proteins containing ID regions tend to take a central role in protein interaction networks; specifically, they act as hubs, interacting with multiple different partners across time and space, allowing for the co-ordination of many cellular activities. There appear to be three different modules within ID regions responsible for their functionally promiscuous behaviour: MoRFs (molecular recognition features), SLiMs (small linear motifs) and LCRs (low complexity regions). These regions allow for functionality such as engaging in the formation of dynamic heteromeric structures which can serve to increase local activity of an enzyme or store a collection of functionally related molecules for later use. However, the use of promiscuity does not come without a cost: a number of diseases that have been associated with ID-containing proteins seem to be caused by undesirable interactions occurring upon altered expression of the ID-containing protein. The paper can be found here.

 

 

A methodology to infer gene networks from spatial patterns of expression – an application to fluorescence in situ hybridization images

The proper functional development of a multicellular organism depends on an intricate network of interacting genes that are expressed in accurate temporal and spatial patterns across different tissues. Complex inhibitory and excitatory interactions among genes control the territorial differences that explain specialized cell fates, embryo polarization and tissues architecture in metazoans. Given the nature of the regulatory gene networks, similarity of expression patterns can identify genes with similar roles. The inference and analysis of the gene interaction networks through complex network tools can reveal important aspects of the biological system modeled. Here we suggest an image analysis pipeline to quantify co-localization patterns in in situ hybridization images of Drosophila embryos and, based on these patterns, infer gene networks. We analyze the spatial dispersion of the gene expression and show the gene interaction networks for different developmental stages. Our results suggest that the inference of developmental networks based on spatial expression data is biologically relevant and represents a potential tool for the understanding of animal development. The paper can be found here.

 

 

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